when skin or within the mucosal surface reduction hemoglobin capillary increase (& gt; 5%) and appear violet blue, purple Gan or bleeding is called clinically. Purple Gan can be divided into three groups: the centricity purple Gan, peripheral purple Gan and mixed purple Gan. Congestive heart failure is mainly because oxygen consumption around cycle is too slow and produce more Gan around, and sexual purple cardiac dysfunction Gan in mixed purple.
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an, general signs:
(a) development and nutrition: long-term chronic heart failure may manifest as evil fluid to pledge.
(2) mind and expression: oxygen can cause patients seriously dysphoric, even trance consciousness.
(3) location: the serious heart failure patients often forced to half a lie bits or seat. The pericardial effusion or tamponade patients often take tilted forward seat.
(4) head and facial: two buccal purple Gan in mitral stenosis, so-called & ldquo; Mitral rdquo; face & And one of BiNv is often rheumatic performance.
(5) purple Gan: is the common signs of cardiovascular disease. When the skin or within the mucosal surface reduction hemoglobin capillary increase (& gt; 5%) and appear violet blue, purple Gan or bleeding is called clinically. Purple Gan can be divided into three groups: the centricity purple Gan, peripheral purple Gan and mixed purple Gan. Congestive heart failure is mainly because oxygen consumption around cycle is too slow and produce more Gan around, and sexual purple cardiac dysfunction Gan in mixed purple.
(6) skin: rheumatic or rheumatism activity expression is sweat; When around circulation failure skin was pale and sweat buildup; Severe heart failure with mild yellow can be examined. Joint is rheumatic fever around hypodermic brief summary.
(7) neck: note tracheal whether center, thyroid intumescent, whether tremors and whether vascular murmurs, carotid artery jugular vein pulsing and filled with noticeable or outstanding.
(8) chest: pay attention to breathing frequency, rhythms and depth, without deformity, whether thoracic rachis and side protruding, chest for varicose veins, etc.
(9) abdomen: right heart failure with liver splenomegaly, passive when for significant left lobe, edge obtuse, texture medium have tension. Chronic heart failure can cause cardiogenic cirrhosis of the liver.
(10) : pay attention to whether limbs, joint swelling in mind edema activists ankle and foot back and front of tibial is obvious.
(11) pulse: pulses is the left ventricle and aorta beating continued, can reflect the dynamic state, heart rhythm, heart rate, blood vessels unobstructed situation. Clinically adopt flexible artery, carotid artery, humerus artery, femoral artery and foot dorsum of arterial touch. Rheumatic heart disease common pulse exceptions have not whole veins, washed, and carotid arteries and veins of abnormal jugular vein pulsing, etc.
(12) peripheral vascular levy: including water rushed brachial artery or vein, femoral artery blow sound, pressing of arteries and veins increases and nail bed or poor pulsing, lips capillary in aortic valve closed not congruent.
(13) blood pressure: blood pressure depending on discharge blood, circulating blood heart blood viscosity, capacity, of the arterial wall elasticity and peripheral resistance. So whoever can affect the above all sorts of factors can affect blood pressure. One heart discharge blood main influencing systolic blood pressure, arterial wall elasticity mainly affect pulse pressure, peripheral vascular resistance main influencing diastolic pressure. For any trouble rheumatic heart disease patients, measure blood pressure is one of basic content, should according to the patient age choose proper wide degrees for certain patients cuffs, measured mouth limb to blood pressure. In addition to note systolic blood pressure and diastolic height outside, pulse pressure difference should also pay attention to the differences between blood pressure and limbs.